State dependent superparasitism in a solitary parasitoid: egg load and survival
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Evolution and manipulation of parasitoid egg load.
In proovigenic parasitoids such as Leptopilina boulardi, the female emerges with a limited egg load and no further eggs are produced during its adult life. A female thus runs the risk of exhausting this limited supply of eggs before the end of her life. Given that the production of an egg is costly, what is the evolutionarily stable egg load at emergence? This question has attracted a lot of at...
متن کاملCosts and consequences of superparasitism in the polyembryonic parasitoid
1. Polyembryonic wasps provide dramatic examples of intra-specific developmental conflict. In these parasitoids, each egg proliferates into a clonal lineage of genetically identical larvae. If more than one egg is laid in a host (superparasitism), individuals of different clones may compete for food resources. 2. In the polyembryonic encyrtid Copidosoma koehleri , one larva per clone can differ...
متن کاملThe importance of being gravid: egg load and contest outcome in a parasitoid wasp.
Owners have often been found to have an advantage in animal contests. One explanation of this is that the resource under dispute is of greater value to the owner than to the intruder (nonowner). Such 'resource value asymmetries' may be caused by intrinsic factors, such as the physiological state of the contestants. Females of the bethylid wasp Goniozus nephantidis fight for possession of paraly...
متن کاملEgg load dynamics and the risk of egg and time limitation experienced by an aphid parasitoid in the field
Insect parasitoids and herbivores must balance the risk of egg limitation and time limitation in order to maximize reproductive success. Egg and time limitation are mediated by oviposition and egg maturation rates as well as by starvation risk and other determinants of adult lifespan. Here, we assessed egg load and nutritional state in the soybean aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis under field...
متن کاملSuperparasitism of Lygus hesperus Knight Eggs by Anaphes iole Girault in the Laboratory
Anaphes iole Girault is a solitary egg parasitoid which attacks Lygus spp. In a low-parasitoid-density experiment (parasitoid:host ratio 5 1:40) 10.0% of available Lygus hesperus Knight eggs were superparasitized by A. iole. However, in experiments with a high parasitoid density (parasitoid:host ratio 5 1:9), superparasitism of L. hesperus eggs was 33.3, 66.7, and 82.2% after exposure for 2, 6,...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Behavioral Ecology
سال: 1997
ISSN: 1045-2249,1465-7279
DOI: 10.1093/beheco/8.2.226